Very cool demo- but why is it problematic if the branches overlap? Particularly if this a 2D projection and the apparent overlaps may disappear in 3D?

Overlapping will occur in 3D as well. Overlapping leads to inefficient or ineffective use of resources.

I wonder why this, through evolution, has not reached the optimum performance point yet, say a 90 degree angle at 6.0 iteration and why aren’t life forms square to start with? It looks like the iterations would define the shape of the animal or other life form rather than the other way around…

The best one looks to be at 120 degrees.

ok

Limited blood supply to skin.

Limited leaves for photosynthesis.

Limited alveoli for lung transmission of O2 / CO2 exchange. Even less after Covid burns them all.

Muy interesante la demostración. Las restricciones de escala relacionadas con la relación entre área de superficie y volumen tienen un impacto significativo en la biología y ecología de los animales tridimensionales, y representan un desafío evolutivo que debe ser superado para sobrevivir y prosperar en un entorno tridimensional.