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1.3 Common Virology Themes (Bacterial and Human)
Discussion
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Although bacterial and human viruses are very different—and infecting unicellular bacteria vs. multicellular humans pose distinct challenges—there are intriguing commonalities in the life cycle of both types of viruses. In addition, bacteria and humans can use similar molecular strategies to evolve viral immunity and resistance.
In this exercise, do some light reading on the SARS-coronavirus-2 (New York Times article, and Scientific American video) and briefly describe how coronaviruses look/function, for each of the numbered topics below. (For comparison, I’ve given brief answers for bacterial viruses in parentheses, next to each topic.)
- Size and type of genome. (Most bacterial viruses have DNA genomes that are tens of thousands of base-pairs in length.)
- Mechanism of cell entry. (Bacterial viruses recognize proteins on the outer surface of the cell, as a “gateway” into the cell.)
- Infection versus dormancy. (Many bacterial viruses enter a dormant state by inserting their genome into the bacterial genome; others immediately replicate in the cell and spread the infection to neighboring cells.)
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1. Corona virus is a microscopic size organism composed of an RNA genome (retrovirus)
2. The virus has protein spikes on its surface that look for specific receptors on the host surface cells that they can bind to and allow them to inject their genome for production of more viruses.
3. The corona virus uses the lyric cycle whereby after injection of its genome into the host cell, it immediately starts to use the cells machinery to replicate and produce more viruses before the host cell bursts open through lysis thus releasing more viruses -
1. The type of genome in coronavirus is ssRNA with a capsid made of matrix coat. The virus has a very small genome number when compared with the human genome. It has a genome size of approximately 30000 whereas humans have more than 3 billion.
2. The virus has protein spikes on its lipid surface that look for specific receptors on the host surface cells that they can bind to and allow them to inject their genome for the production of more viruses.
3. It immediately starts to use the cells machinery to replicate and produce more viruses before the host cell bursts open through lysis thus releasing more viruses -
On this handheld device, the NYT blocks reading the article with subscription plugs. I cannot read it.
1. The corona virus has 27 proteins that are involved heavily in silencing our immune system. 100s & 1000s of copies are made.
2. Coronagod uses spike entry on Ace receptor cells
3. Coronagod seems to be very active, it may be too early to guage dormancy. Some virses have dormancies of millenia.
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1. The coronovirus exists as single stranded RNA with genome size smaller to that of a human genome.
2. The virus posseses different proteins. One such protein is the Spike or S protein that plays key role in recognition and fusion with the host cell membrane. The S protein identifies the ACE2 receptor on the host where the head of the S protein binds to it. Once this occurs, another protein (enzyme) called protease cleaves a portion on the S protein that causes it to unfold (straighten) and thus fuse with host membrane to begin transfection.
3. The coronavirus enters the host cell and immediately starts to replicate as it has a lytic form replication. -
Ladies & Gentlemen,
Corona needs to steal our oils for its` lipo-sheathing.
This is how we kill it.
We keep our oils spiked with tumeric, rosemary, fennel, and anything that will kill it so when the process is underway, our oils kill the coronavirus.
It has to take our oil, so we make our oil into colloidal for its uptake.
Have a good day.
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