Math concepts such as symmetry, duality, continuity, and conservation are simple, yet, powerful tools for the search for understanding in the sciences.

Symmetry: Professor Herman Weyl’s definition for symmetry is, “If there is something that you can do to a thing, so that after you finish doing it, it looks the same as before.”

Duality: Duality between two different theories means that these two theories when applied to a problem results in the same answers. Two seemingly different systems can nevertheless be identical.

Continuity: The intuitive concept of something like a function that varies with no abrupt breaks or jumps.

Conservation: A given number will remain the same although it can be arranged in different ways.