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5.2 Top-down Effects
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Top-down Effects in Modular Hierarchies
- In an implementation hierarchy, the processes of strong emergence and associated higher-level information storage and utilization are only possible via top–down realization of higher-level requirements at lower levels.
- In this way, the lower levels carry out the work, but the higher levels decide what will be done.
Biomolecules Perform Logical Operations
- Biomolecules allow for logical structure to emerge from underlying physical laws.
- Ion channels implement logical operations depending on whether certain voltage thresholds are met.