While the NASA definition is a robust and practical starting point, it may not be universally sufficient to describe all conceivable forms of life — especially those that are non-chemical, non-Darwinian, or post-biological. In the future, we may need a more function-based or information-theoretic definition of life that emphasizes complexity, autonomy, and adaptive behavior over specific mechanisms like chemistry and evolution.
So yes, it’s quite plausible that alien biologies — or even wholly different types of life — could fall outside the boundaries of this definition. Our current model is shaped by what we know, but the universe might surprise us.