I do have one point I would like to make towards this part and the following Office Hours (section 3.2).

In both Brian Greene quickly brush over the concept of the Ether (or Aether) and how Einstein showed it wasn’t required, this is a mistake most people make when discussing this topic. Below is a list of quotes on the topic from Einstein’s May 5th 1920 address at the University of Leidon entitled “Ether and Relativity”, you can find the full transcript here https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Einstein_ether/ and appear in the order in which he states them. One quote found below which I would ask those to ponder is Einstein’s belief that all of Space is made up of the Gravitational Ether.

“More careful reflection teaches us however, that the special theory of relativity does not compel us to deny ether. We may assume the existence of an ether; only we must give up ascribing a definite state of motion to it”

“The special theory of relativity forbids us to assume the ether to consist of particles observable through time, but the hypothesis of ether in itself is not in conflict with the special theory of relativity. Only we must be on our guard against ascribing a state of motion to the ether.”

“To deny the ether is ultimately to assume that empty space has no physical qualities whatever. The fundamental facts of mechanics do not harmonize with this view. For the mechanical behaviour of a corporeal system hovering freely in empty space depends not only on relative positions (distances) and relative velocities, but also on its state of rotation, which physically may be taken as a characteristic not appertaining to the system in itself. In order to be able to look upon the rotation of the system, at least formally, as something real, Newton objectivises space.”

“Mach’s idea finds its full development in the ether of the general theory of relativity. According to this theory the metrical qualities of the continuum of space-time differ in the environment of different points of space-time, and are partly conditioned by the matter existing outside of the territory under consideration.”

“The ether of the general theory of relativity is a medium which is itself devoid of all mechanical and kinematical qualities, but helps to determine mechanical (and electromagnetic) events.”

“The ether of the general theory of relativity is transmuted conceptually into the ether of Lorentz if we substitute constants for the functions of space which describe the former, disregarding the causes which condition its state. Thus we may also say, I think, that the ether of the general theory of relativity is the outcome of the Lorentzian ether, through relativation.”

“If we consider the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field from the standpoint of the ether hypothesis, we find a remarkable difference between the two. There can be no space nor any part of space without gravitational potentials; for these confer upon space its metrical qualities, without which it cannot be imagined at all. The existence of the gravitational field is inseparably bound up with the existence of space. On the other hand a part of space may very well be imagined without an electromagnetic field; thus in contrast with the gravitational field, the electromagnetic field seems to be only secondarily linked to the ether, the formal nature of the electromagnetic field being as yet in no way determined by that of gravitational ether. From the present state of theory it looks as if the electromagnetic field, as opposed to the gravitational field, rests upon an entirely new formal motif, as though nature might just as well have endowed the gravitational ether with fields of quite another type, for example, with fields of a scalar potential, instead of fields of the electromagnetic type.”

“Since according to our present conceptions the elementary particles of matter are also, in their essence, nothing else than condensations of the electromagnetic field, our present view of the universe presents two realities which are completely separated from each other conceptually, although connected causally, namely, gravitational ether and electromagnetic field, or – as they might also be called – space and matter.”

“Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this ether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may not be applied to it.”

I do not think we have enough understanding as a whole to set a definition on life. Until we can determine and agree on things such as if Viruses and/or AI are a living or not, we may not be able to penetrate the subject deeply enough to answer some of the required questions, also as noted in the video, we are limited to just life on Earth and it may take finding life elsewhere before we can even start to properly breach this topic.

@Swayam Jha

Speed is a scalar quantity and Velocity is a vector quantity.

To help explain this, if a person takes a step forward and a step back to end up in the same spot, then their speed is the rate at which they are moving, however in this case because they are back at their point of origin, there velocity is 0 because their overall location has not changed…

In a sense I see the Relativity of Simultaneity as being an example of Quantum Superposition in the Macroscopic world.

Yes I do, but then I also held this concept prior to learn about physics or any of its key underlying principles… I am actually current working of a theory the show how combining quantum computing (I am using the IBM Quantum experience to create the circuits in order to run simulations), teleportation, the spacetime now slice, and time dilation, that it is actually possible for us to not only travel to the future, but also to the past.

Before I get to much into this, I want to point out two things about myself. The first is that I am an Autistic Savant and secondly I have an IQ of 186 (Wechsler based, rarity of appox 1 in 200,000,000 for having an IQ >= 186, in other words there are estimated to be less then 40 people in the world with IQ’s >= mine). I am not pointing this out to say I am more intelligent then others because that is not what IQ measure, it instead measures your adaptability in thinking. With all that said, both my Autism combined with that high of an IQ greatly increases my Autistic Trait of making connections that most others would miss (most people with HFA have this trait, but the higher the IQ, the way more pronounced it is), combine this with the level of adaptability in thinking, and your mind goes places and makes connections most others cant. My personal example is that I already had a lot of the concepts and theories presented by Quantum Mechanics (entanglement, particle/wave duality, and teleportation for examples) before even grade 5, which was long before I had even learned about them from any outside source.

For 15 of the last 20 years I have been working on a unified theory, which I am happy to announce that I have completed mentally, now I just have to get it organised and written down as well as show my formulas. I also just started working on developing the quantum circuits required to run the simulations I need to back my work, the results of which will be included in my final theory.

The reason I had turned my attention to teleportation was originally to address the concept of a quicker colonization of other planets to help reduce the impacts of over-population, lack of resources (our natural renewable resources yearly restoration benchmark is now mid-summer, meaning we are using them at a rate twice as fast as they can replenish themselves, this is the fastest rate ever known in human history), and to reduce the amount of climate change caused by having such a large amount of humans on the planet. The effects of the human population itself as it relates to climate change is a largely understated part of the problem, we do focus on our actions during day to day life being causes (ex: burning fossil fuels), however the impact of just the population alone tends to be over shadowed by the impact of our actions.

Anyways I digressed from my original point, so I will get back to that now. I am not going to get into any real detail, but instead provide three key points in my theory on time travel, from these three points, I challenge others to do thought experiments so they can try to figure out their own solution, the reason for this is simple, the more theories developed by this thought experiment, the better chance that any missed gaps in thought from one theory could be filled by aspects of another theory that is working along the same lines.

KEY POINTS
1: We would only need to slightly improve our current technology to be able to achieve this.
2: Achieving speeds near the speed of light is NOT required because teleportation via quantum entanglement is instant.
3: We could possibly achieve it without teleporting far from Earth, however the further we are from Earth, the greater we can manipulate time dilation for the end result which would reduce the number of time jumps required to reach the destination.

We have been able to teleport particles and atoms now, its only a matter of time (albeit small) before we can teleport more complex energies/information/mass/matter, I believe our greatest setback is not so much what we are currently able to teleport, but instead our current rate of success, once it is fine-tuned to 95%+ (I would prefer 100%, but that may be impossible) success rate, I think we will make leaps in bounds in that field because our results and data will both be more complete and accurate, which in turn leads to more data to work with so we can better study and understand the underlying principles of teleportation using Quantum Entanglement.

I believe that when we reach this point, that is when we will unlock the key to teleporting humans and things we have constructed (ex: spaceship, equipment to colonize other planets, ect).

I think in order to fully detect and understand dark matter that major advances have to be done and we may even have to achieve faster than light technology beforehand. I think one possible (but probably unlikely) reason that dark matter does not reflect light and largely escapes detection is because it travels faster then the speed of light, hence needing FTL technology first, the keys to which lay most likely within the particle and quantum physics.

Regardless of the above statement, I believe that we will be able to better detect the visible effects that dark matter has on particles as our collider detection techniques and high-energy experimentation capabilities increase.